Insertion Sort Vs Selection

Insertion Sort is a simple and intuitive sorting algorithm that builds a sorted array one element at a time. It works by dividing the input list into a sorted and an unsorted part, initially starting with the first element as the sorted part. The algorithm iterates through the unsorted portion, taking each element and inserting it into the correct position in the sorted part, shifting elements as necessary. This process continues until all elements have been processed, resulting in a sorted array. Insertion Sort is particularly efficient for small datasets or nearly sorted data, with a time complexity of O(n^2) in the average and worst cases, but O(n) in the best case when the data is already sorted.

Selection Sort is another straightforward sorting algorithm that operates by repeatedly selecting the smallest (or largest) element from the unsorted portion of the list and moving it to the end of the sorted portion. The algorithm divides the input into a sorted and an unsorted region, starting with an empty sorted region. In each iteration, it scans the unsorted part to find the minimum element, swaps it with the first unsorted element, and expands the sorted region. This process continues until all elements are sorted. Selection Sort has a time complexity of O(n^2) for all cases, making it less efficient on larger lists compared to more advanced algorithms, but it is easy to implement and requires no additional memory beyond the input array.