Transcription Vs Replication

Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is converted into messenger RNA (mRNA). During transcription, the DNA double helix unwinds, and one of the strands serves as a template for synthesizing a complementary RNA strand. This process is facilitated by the enzyme RNA polymerase, which binds to the promoter region of a gene and catalyzes the formation of the mRNA strand. The resulting mRNA molecule carries the genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it is used as a template for protein synthesis during translation.

Replication is the process by which a cell duplicates its DNA prior to cell division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of genetic information. During replication, the double helix structure of DNA unwinds, and each strand serves as a template for synthesizing a new complementary strand. Enzymes such as DNA polymerase play a critical role in adding nucleotides to the growing strands and proofreading to ensure accuracy. The result is two identical DNA molecules, each consisting of one original and one newly synthesized strand, a mechanism known as semi-conservative replication.